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Many other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This section requires growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or reputable people. Though it has obtained some reliability as a religion in lots of countries, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game individuals it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, malicious libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and operated visit this page for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in an internet poll run by the presidential transition team obtaining public input for the incoming administration. church of scientology perth address.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and Read Full Article the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor. content Under The Guardian's Office (later on renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated by an organization not affiliated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive methods in addressing those it sees as trying to reduce them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.